![]() MySQL Enterprise Server v.5.Oracle 11g Release 2 (Linux only) for Server.Oracle 11g Release 1 (Linux only) for Server.Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R.2 Service Pack 1 (Windows only) for Server.Microsoft SQL Server 2008 with Service Pack 3 (Windows only) for Server.Microsoft SQL Server 2005 with Service Pack 3 (Windows only) for Server.Video card supporting 1024 x 768 resolution.100 GB for Server (Recommended) Memory:.Red Hat Enterprise Linux v.6.1 X64 for Server.Of course, such low settings will render MySQL very slow and limited but at least that gives you a theoretical starting point. By adjusting the settings to the absolute minimums, I got a value of just under 8MB. Red Hat Enterprise Linux v.5.5 X64 for Server According to MySQL Calculator, based on MySQL's defaults, you will need 576.2 MB of RAM for the program.Red Hat Enterprise Linux v.5.5 for Server.Red Hat Enterprise Linux v.5.0 X64 for Server.Red Hat Enterprise Linux v.5.0 for Server.Windows Server 2008 R.2 with Service Pack 1 for Server.Windows Server 2008 X64 with Service Pack 2 for Server.Windows Server 2008 with Service Pack 2 for Server.Windows Server 2003 R.2 X64 with Service Pack 2 with KB942288 for Server.Windows Server 2003 R.2 with Service Pack 2 for Server.Windows Server 2003 X64 with Service Pack 2 and KB942288 for Server.Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 2 for Server.2.0 GHz Intel Pentium III or equivalent for Client (Recommended).3.0 GHz Intel Xeon or Intel Core 2 Duo or equivalent for Server.Intelligent Management Center Standard Edition Imc Standard Software Platform with 50 N E-LTU 3 Year - Phone Support - 24x7 Software Updates.3 Year - Phone Support - 9x5 Software Updates.Customized functions and third-party device support.MySQL Enterprise Server 5.5 (Linux and Windows) (Up to 1000 devices are supported). Unified Task Management and Wizard Center The HPE Intelligent Management Center Standard Software Platform is a.Highly flexible and scalable deployment models.HP IMC software is one of the first management tools to integrate management and monitoring of both virtual and physical network.HP Intelligent Management Center (IMC) Standard Software.IMC Standard software comes with an initial license for 50 managed devices.Īdditional node licenses are available to extend the node limit. ![]() IMC software supports the management of HP and third-party devices and is compatible with Microsoft® Windows® and Linux operating systems. With its SOA, IMC software is capable of incorporating additional modules to its base platform to provide deeper functionality. VMware Workstation 6.5.x VMware Workstation 9.0.x VMware ESX Server 4.x. This software enables an enterprise business to grow its management in scale and seamlessly accommodate new technologies. IE 10 or 11 Firefox 30 or later Chrome 35 or later Hypervisor. IMC Standard software is designed on a service-oriented architecture (SOA) using a business application flow model as its core to allow the management of resources, services, and users to be fully integrated. HP Intelligent Management Center (IMC) Standard Software Platform is a standalone, comprehensive management solution that delivers integrated, modular management capabilities across fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security needs. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Reports of Spanish atrocities spread throughout Europe and provided a humanitarian justification for European colonization. The Spanish exploitation of New Spain’s riches (in present-day Mexico) inspired European monarchs to invest in exploration and conquest. As the violence diminished in Europe, however, religious and political rivalries continued in the New World. Millions died from religious violence in France alone. Long and expensive conflicts drained time, resources, and lives. The Reformation threw England and France, the two European powers capable of contesting Spain, into turmoil. While Spain plundered the New World, unrest plagued Europe. The drawing was part of a complaint about Spanish abuses of their encomiendas. In this startling image from the Kingsborough Codex (a book written and drawn by Native Mesoamericans), a well-dressed Spaniard is shown pulling the hair of a bleeding, severely injured Native man. Of the seven American scholars invited, 3 are Latino/a, 3 are women, and 5 are below the rank of associate professor.Figure 1. Finally, the conference aims to advance the participation of women, minority, and younger scholars in the discipline. ![]() International collaborations are also expected to emerge from the four days of the conference, resulting in a continued dialogue on a subject that is at the cutting edge of the discipline. The publication of the conference papers through a CD-ROM and a book version in English will insure broad dissemination of the results of the conference, and will have an important impact on the teaching of the history of science. Separated by great distances, many of these scholars will meet for the first time at this conference. It will also provide the opportunity for exchanges among younger and more established scholars. In terms of broader impacts the conference will encourage an international dialogue among scholars in different parts of the world. In addition the conference will test and challenge current interpretations of the Scientific Revolution, and pose the question of whether or not an account of the 'Scientific Revolution' and the origins of modernity that omits Iberian science can have any meaning at all. The proposed international conference aims to advance our knowledge of the Scientific Revolution and encourage a more balanced assessment of Iberia's role. Spain's absence from the dominant narrative is a vestige of a prejudice whose origins go back to the Black Legend, a polemic that since the eighteenth century has depicted Iberia as the antithesis of modernity. The Iberian world, on the other hand, has been almost completely absent from the dominant narrative, despite the fact that for the past thirty years an immense amount of research has been done on Iberian science. ![]() For a variety of reasons, however, its history has been written from the perspective of the North Atlantic world. Traditionally, the Scientific Revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has been regarded as a major landmark of Western history. In terms of intellectual merits, the conference will offer new perspectives on the Scientific Revolution. One of the conference's main objectives is to encourage an international dialogue on a subject that has until recently received little attention from historians outside of the Iberian world. The conference will bring together approximately thirty scholars from five different countries to present recent research on the history of early modern Iberian science and Spain's role in the Scientific Revolution. ![]() This proposal seeks funding for the participation of American scholars in an international conference on Spain and the Scientific Revolution to be held in Valencia, Spain in September 2005. Primary Place of Performance Congressional District:
![]() ![]() More patients can receive negative blood groups, yet only 15 per cent of people have a. Those who are unable to meet the height/weight requirements for Double Red Cell Donation may still complete a traditional Whole Blood Donation. The least common blood groups are B (10) and AB (4) blood groups. It’s an efficient way for O+ donors to get more bang for their donation buck by helping to save even more lives! This kind of procedure takes twice as many red blood cells from the donor while leaving the platelets and plasma behind. Those with O+ blood type (who meet certain criteria) are encouraged to choose Double Red Cell Donation. What is the best donation procedure for those with O+ blood? With O+ being the most common blood type, having an available blood supply is critical. These sugars can be misinterpreted as foreign invaders by the body’s immune system when they don’t match up correctly, making a mismatched blood transfusion potentially deadly.įor this reason, it is extremely important to find a compatible blood match for transfusion patients. The difference between the various blood types comes down to sugars that cover the surface of red blood cells. There is evidence that the different blood types have evolved over millions of years, with type A being the most ancient. This includes the D antigen as well as 60 other antigens. ![]() This subtype is distinguished by a total absence of Rh antigens. This means there is a higher demand for this blood type when it comes to blood transfusions. Rhnull blood is the most uncommon blood type. These people have a blood type referred to as Rhnull. It is the presence of A and B antigens and corresponding antibodies that determines your ABO blood group.There are eight different blood types and each one holds a unique power to save lives.īut the most common blood type is O+, accounting for more than a third of all people (37%). The Rarest Blood Types It is possible for someone to have a complete absence of Rh antigens. That’s why giving someone blood from the wrong ABO group can be life-threatening. They recognise any ‘foreign’ antigens and tell your immune system to destroy them. You also have antibodies in the clear part of blood called plasma.Īntibodies are important in transfusion because they are the body’s natural defence system. Which group you belong to depends on the antigens and antibodies in your blood.Īntigens are a combination of sugars and proteins that coat the surface of a red blood cell.ĭepending on your combination, you will have: There are four main blood groups in the ABO group system.Įach group is important and we need donors from every group to ensure we have the right blood for the people who need it. The ABO group system gives the letter part of your blood type and Rh system gives the positive or negative part. The two most important blood group systems for transfusion are ABO and Rh. In the United States, AB-negative is the rarest blood type, white O-positive is the. The NHS says that of their 830,860 donors, Sue Olds from Cornwall is the only one with a -D- blood type. Your blood group is inherited from genes passed on by your parents. Different blood types are prevalent in different parts of the world. Among this group, the rarest is AB negative just 1 of the population has this type of blood, though that's actually pretty widespread compared to some of the other types. ![]() ![]() ![]() Our return policy on most products* is 30 days from delivery.Occasionally a prepaid debit or gift card will work via Reverb's checkout system, but it's typically much more complicated to check out using a card like this.įor a smoother checkout experience, Reverb always recommends paying with a traditional credit or debit card, your PayPal account, or financing your purchase via Affirm. If your order is outside of the return window, please contact HP Technical Support for product support. * Check product for specific return policy such as non-returnable products or unopened only To allow time for holiday shopping and gift giving, purchases made between November 1st and December 25th may be returned until January 15th, 2023.Non-returnable items remain non-returnable. Only items that have been purchased directly from HP.com, either through the HP Online Store or by phone can be returned.We cannot accept returns or exchanges for items from the HP Parts Store, HP Technical Support, HP Retailers, HP Software or repairs.Įxceptions for returnable items apply, including but not limited to: Gift cards cannot be returned except where required by law.Packaged software can only be returned if the original packaging is unopened.Software download/upgrades are not returnable. ![]() HP reserves the right to deny any returns in circumstances involving repeated returns or other abuse.Any product which is noted as not returnable.Large format printers (for example, DesignJets) are not returnable unless the product is defective or the return is a result of an HP.com error. Do not refuse delivery or return the product without contacting HP first to obtain an RMA.The return label we email to you will enable you to return the item to us.To return or exchange an item, you must first obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) from HP.com Store, either by initiating online or by Emailing us. Any product returned outside the HP Online Store Returns & Exchange policy without authorization may result in a delay or denial of your refund. Your refund will be initiated once we receive and inspect your return.Any returned desktop, laptop, tablet or printer that is damaged due to customer misuse, is missing parts, or is in unsellable condition due to customer tampering/customer action may result in the customer being charged a higher restocking fee or denied refund based on the condition of the product.HP may test computers and printers that are returned and impose a return fee or deny refund if the customer misrepresents the condition of the product.Also, you assume full liability for products that may be lost or stolen. Please allow us up to 10 business days to complete inspection. We can only issue refunds back to the original form of payment.Original shipping and handling charges may not be refunded.HP.com may deny refund or exchange for any returns that have been tampered with, have missing parts, have been misrepresented and/or are not received and inspected by our warehouse.Once completed, you will receive email confirmation of your refund or exchange. When you return items from a group of items purchased, the remaining amount spent may no longer be eligible for any discount you may have received (e.g., for gifts with purchase, free gifts, buying in quantity). If this is the case, the discount is subtracted from the price you paid for the returned item. If you’re returning parts of an HP promotional offer or bundle, we will subtract the full price of the item(s) being returned from the total price paid and, if you paid more than such a resulting amount, HP will refund the over-payment to you.To receive a complete refund, all items from the original purchase must be returned. ![]() ![]() If you want any of these head over to and get your bundle today. There is just over a day left until this package is no longer available. There are the eleven applications available in the MacHeist Nano Bundle 2. Tracks also integrates with Last.fm to really listen to all of your music the way you want. It’s a system based on my favorite journaling application, and that would be MacJournal, of course. Tracks is a menu bar application that allows you to search through your iTunes library and even purchase songs all without having to open up iTunes. In today’s post I’ll share with you my setup for writing an ebook. You get a bunch of features, including Klondike Solitair, Pyramid, FreeCell, Canfield, Spider, Baker’s Dozen and the ability to customize your background the way you like.Ĭontained within the games are easter eggs that will keep you entertained. If you’re a fan of the game solitaire you’ll enjoy Burning Monkey solitaire. Airburst ExtremeĪirburst Extreme is a game where you can play any one of 10 playable characters and you float on balloons and you compete against others in Airburst matches to try and outwit and outlast your opponents. If you do not mind giving your Twitter followers more information on MacHeist you can also get the following applications. There’s more than just those seven applications. In addition to getting Tweetie 1.0, you’ll also get an exclusive sneak peak at Tweetie 2.0 when it is ready, plus a free upgrade. Tweetie allows you to customize it to the way you want including themes, bubble colors, avatar choose, and much more. Tweetie is a native Mac desktop Twitter client. RapidWeaver was unlocked when the bundle count reached 50,000. The software supports FTP, SFTP, MobileMe and any other domain. Rapid weaver is a beautiful web development application that blows iWeb out of the water with it’s beautiful templates and easy point and click changes. If you do not get the bundle for anything else RapidWeaver is the reason to do so. This is not a trimmed down version, you get all five chapters of the original game. You will love the way the game looks on your Mac. This classic PC game has been ported to the Mac and is now unlocked for all Macheist NanoBundle purchasers. It’s not a bad application to look at if you do web development. This includes syntax coloring, multiple tabs and code completion. ![]() In addition to doing file transfers, Flow also allows you to do web development from right within the application. Flowįlow is a very simple File Transfer Protocol (FTP) application that allows you to transfer items to your file server whether it is local, or stored on the cloud. It’s an easy way to get all of your missing album artwork. Cover ScoutĬover Scout is an application that pulls cover art for your music right from the internet. ClipsĬlips is a snippet manager that is like a giant clipboard that allows you to store multiple items on it, instead of just one. RipIt is a DVD importing tool that does one thing and does it well. It’s a blogging and writing application that allows you to post directly to your blog whether it’s WordPress, Moveable type, live journal or others. ![]() ![]() ![]() You need to choose an appropriate data rate. For example, you have to be concerned with choosing the right aspect ratio (usually either 4:3 for standard television and 16:9 for widescreen and high-definition). Working with video introduces a lot of new terminology unfamiliar to those of us who have worked mostly in print and web publishing. For most digital publishing projects-especially those targeted at mobile devices-it’s crucial to keep video clips to a reasonably small file size. Video file sizes are far larger than audio, But, in addition to converting a file to the correct format, you will also need to create a video of the proper size. In a previous posting, I wrote about the video format to use for digital publishing-H.264-encoded video files. InDesign has had the ability to place video files since CS2, but its video capabilities were greatly enhanced in InDesign CS5 and 5.5. And some software might receive 2-6 warnings but it's if they are not all same virus/trojan then it's 99% false positives.These days more of us are using InDesign to create non-print projects-interactive PDF, SWF, EPUB, and applications for tablets. Our hosted software are virus and malware scanned with several antivirus programs using ( NOTE! Just one virustotal warning is 99.9% a false positive. Version history available = Complete changelog on our site. Old versions available = Download old versions of the program. Portable version available = Download the portable version and you can just extract the files and run the program without installation. It may not contain the latest versions.ĭownload old versions = Free downloads of previous versions of the program.ĭownload 64-bit version = If you have a 64bit operating system you can download this version.ĭownload portable version = Portable/Standalone version meaning that no installation is required, just extract the files to a folder and run directly. Visit developers site = A link to the software developer site.ĭownload (mirror link) = A mirror link to the software download. Be careful when you install the software and disable addons that you don't want! ![]() Ad-Supported = The software is bundled with advertising. No installation is required.ĭownload beta = It could be a Beta, RC(Release Candidate) or an Alpha / Nightly / Unstable version of the software.ĭownload 15MB = A direct link to the software download. Portable version = A portable/standalone version is available. Free Trial version available for download and testing with usually a time limit or limited functions. Trialware = Also called shareware or demo. It may be disabled when installing or after installation. Free software Ads = Free Download software and open source code but supported by advertising, usually with a included browser toolbar. Freeware Ads = Download Free software but supported by advertising, usually with a included browser toolbar. Free software Trialware = Download Free software and also open source code but some parts are trial/shareware. Free software = Download Free software and also open source code also known as FOSS (Free and Open Source Software). Freeware Trialware = Download Free software but some parts are trial/shareware. RECENTLY UPDATED = The software has been updated the last 31 days. ![]() NO LONGER DEVELOPED = The software hasn't been updated in over 5 years. Type and download NO MORE UPDATES? = The software hasn't been updated in over 2 years. Version number / Beta version number / Update version number and when it whas released. Explanation: NEW SOFTWARE= New tool since your last visit NEW VERSION= New version since your last visit NEW REVIEW= New review since your last visit NEW VERSION= New version Latest version ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() At least some of that money must be invested to give yourself the opportunity to build true wealth over time. For most people, saving money alone isn’t enough to increase their assets over time. Provided you do not also increase your spending, a higher income will enable you to save and invest more, which can raise your net worth. If you spend less money, you keep more of it, which adds to your amount of total assets. Not only will you increase your assets, but you may also reduce your current tax burden. ![]() Maximize your retirement contributions.Reducing your total liabilities will increase your net worth, even if your asset level stays the same. Though your net worth will fluctuate over time, there are a number of tried-and-true methods for increasing your net worth, including: It might make more sense to see how you stack up to those of a similar age, education level, family structure and race or ethnicity. If you’re a young worker, for instance, you haven’t had the time to accumulate assets or amass debts, and therefore don’t benefit from an average of all Americans. Many factors can affect net worth, including age, education level, family structure and race and ethnicity. Neither of these figures may present a good point of reference for your situation. The average net worth of all American families was $746,820, according to the Federal Reserve’s 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances, while the median figure was $121,760. The median offers a clearer picture of the typical person’s net worth because it more accurately gauges the net worth of the majority The Average Net Worth of Americans In the example above, $300 is the median net worth, since it’s the third value in a list of five. Millennials, for instance, may not glean much from a mean average that included the net worth of Mark Zuckerberg. This may be a better representation of a group’s average since it lessens the impact of big outliers. Instead, you may want to use the median net worth, which is the middle value in a group of numbers placed in order from smallest to largest. The average net worth for this group comes to $1,480, which is much greater than all but one individual’s net worth. Say a group of five people had the following net worths: That’s because average net worth relies on a value known as the mathematical mean. Frequently, this is done for groups of people of a similar age or for Americans as a whole.īut without more context, average net worth can be misleading. Another option is to compare your net worth to your contemporaries.Īverage net worth is calculated by adding together the net worths of an entire group and dividing the result by the number of individuals within the group. There are several helpful tools to get a sense of where you are, including a “ ballpark estimate” from the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI). Still, it can be difficult to contextualize your personal financial report card, especially if you’re a long way from retirement and don’t yet know how much you’ll need to maintain your standard of living in your golden years. Meanwhile, credit card interest rates have jumped by two percentage points. The average interest rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is close to 7% as of October 2022, roughly four percentage points higher than 12 months prior. This is an especially important task as interest rates rise, inflation climbs and the cost of servicing debt goes higher. When you tally your assets and liabilities, you get a clearer view of your financial life, helping you identify what’s working and fix what’s not. A good way to think about your net worth is as a financial report card. ![]() ![]() ![]() Patriotic ringtones are available for download and the YouTube video-sharing site is featuring a special Mosfilm package of famous Soviet movies about the war.Ī series of videos about Victory Day have also aired on Russian television. Hoping to counter such trends, the government has made a number of attempts to educate young people about the war. "People who have grown up with the conditions we have in contemporary schools - my generation, the people I grew up with - I've seen how the majority of them throw their arms up in Nazi salutes when they go to a football match," Maksim says. Only 31 percent could name Zhukov as one of the army commanders.īut while some youth can be accused of general ignorance of World War II, others have been seduced by far-right propaganda that was considered deeply offensive in the decades following the war but which has found fresh advocates in younger Russians like Maksim, a member of an antifascist youth movement, who refused to give his last name. Russian fighter jets fly in tight formation - spelling out "65" - during rehearsals for the May 9 commemorations.Only 22 percent correctly identified 1939 as the first year of World War II, and some named Poland, Ukraine, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire - which collapsed in 1918 - as opponents in the war. But a recent survey by the VTsIOM state-controlled Russian polling agency shows that although many young people are proud of their country's history, they come up short when asked about the details. Many young people could be see taking photographs of armored vehicles and other defense equipment during parade rehearsals this month. Air-defense systems, helicopters, and intercontinental ballistic missiles will all be on show, as will more than 10,000 Russian soldiers and - for the first time - troops from wartime allies the United States, France, Britain, and Poland.īut as the country prepares to honor its elderly veterans, it has also set its sights on its younger generations - the teenagers and young people for whom the war and its significance are an increasingly abstract concept. Seventy-three percent of Russians say they will watch the parade this year, which is set to be one of the biggest displays of military might and organizational stagecraft the country has yet seen. The day remains one of the few holidays that unites most Russians. World War II - or the Great Patriotic War, as it is known in Russia - killed up to 24 million Soviet citizens, leaving virtually no family untouched. Marshal Georgy ZhukovMoscow authorities have announced plans to seed clouds this weekend to ensure that no rain disturbs the May 9 celebration of the 65th anniversary of the war's end in Europe. ![]() You can only imagine - it was a bright, dazzling day." ![]() Our uniforms were wet all the way through, but the day was bright. "It stood with its back to the History Museum. Veteran Boris Utkin, whose interview is among the many relics of the war on offer at the State Historical Museum, said the mood on the morning of June 24 was triumphant in spite of a heavy rain. The parade, which Zhukov famously entered on a white stallion, was a grand affair for a nation still reeling from the most devastating conflict in its history. Zhukov, who had formally accepted the German surrender to the Soviet Union, spoke at the first Victory Day parade held on J- just over a month after the war's end in Europe on May 9. ![]() The voice of Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov, the man who led Red Army troops to hard-fought victory in the war, will boom out in the State Historical Museum, based at the northern end of the square. MOSCOW - As tanks and missile launchers drive through Red Square during the massive parade celebrating the victory over Nazi Germany this weekend, visitors will also be reminded of an earlier celebration, held 65 years ago. ![]() ![]() ![]() This will make jGRASP look like a normal Windows program. Go to the Settings menu and highlight Look and Feel>. You need to follow these steps only once. There are a couple of settings that you need to change the first time you run jGRASP. If you get a message saying that there is a newer version of jGRASP available online. Once you have successfully installed the Java SDK and jGRASP, you can delete jgrasp-1.8.6.exe, j2sdk-1.4.2.13.exe, and Java Web Start from your Desktop.ĭouble-click on the jGRASP icon on your Desktop to start jGRASP. jGRASP should also be listed on the Start Menu, under All Programs. When you have completed the installation, you should find the jGRASP icon on your Desktop. You will then see a dialog box that says "jGRASP has been installed successfully". In the Program Group dialog box, you don't need to make any changes, so click Next. In the Target Directory dialog box, you don't need to make any changes, so just click Next. In the jGRASP License dialog box, click I Agree. Double-click on the file, and the script will take you through the steps for installing jGRASP. Click Finish.ĭownload jgrasp-1.8.6.exe to your Desktop. ![]() The download buttons for various platforms are a little way down that page. Double-click on the file once its on your Desktop, and the script will take you through the steps for installing the Java SDK. When it's done, you should see a dialog box that says "The InstallShield Wizard has successfully installed Java 2 SDK". Download jdk-6u12-windows-i586-p.exe to your Desktop (Its a big file, 70MB). The installation will begin, and a progress bar will show you how much time is remaining in the install process. ![]() In the Browser Registration dialog box, you don't need to make any changes, so just click Install In the Custom Setup dialog box, you don't need to make any changes, so just click Next In the License dialog box, choose "I accept the terms." and click Next The developer tools include the Java SDK. Make a note of the installation directories.įor Mac OS X, you need to download the developer tools from Apple ( ). The current version of jGRASP is available from in separate install files: one is self-extracting for Microsoft Windows, one is for Mac OS X (10. The exact directory names depend on the SDK version. When installing the SDK, you will be asked where you want to place the software. You know exactly what is happening because you make it happenįor Windows or Linux, you should download the Java SDK from and follow the installation instructions. The latest version of jGRASP can be installed on PCs running Windows XP/XP Professional/Vista/7/8/10/11, both 32 and 64-bit. You enjoy the power and flexibility of the command shell You can continue to use your favorite text editor The SDK tools are much faster than an IDE There is no learning curve for the IDE program Many professional and student programmers do not use an integrated development environment but choose to use the Java Software Development Kit (SDK) and a text editor. To install jGRASP, you'll need to download and install both jGRASP and the Java Software Development Kit (SDK). ![]() ![]() ![]() Surprisingly, economic cost frames have no discernible effect on vaccine intention. These effects are similar in magnitude irrespective of message source, and the inclusion of pre-bunking information. medical experts) and availability of information designed the “pre-bunk” potential misinformation about expedited clinical trial safety.įindings: We find that messages emphasizing the personal health risks and collective health consequences of not vaccinating significantly increase Americans’ intentions to vaccinate. We also randomly varied the message source (ordinary people vs. Methods: In a large (N = 7,064) and demographically representative survey experiment, we randomly assigned respondents to read pro-vaccine communication materials featuring one of the frames listed above. We investigate the effectiveness of three different health communication frames hypothesized to increase vaccine intention emphasizing either 1) personal health risks, 2) economic costs, or 3) collective public health consequences of not vaccinating. Unfortunately, previous research suggests that many Americans plan to refuse a vaccine thereby jeopardizing collective immunity. 4Deaprtment of Political Science, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, United StatesĬontext: Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic will require most Americans to vaccinate against the virus.3Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, United States.2History & Political Science Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, United States. ![]() 1Department of Political Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OA, United States.Matt Motta 1*, Steven Sylvester 2, Timothy Callaghan 3 and Kristin Lunz-Trujillo 4 ![]() |